Three findings stand out from the academic sector:

• The frameworks align reasonably well with academic employer expectations overall. However, open access work and stakeholder bridging appear frequently in job postings without holding a distinct position in the framework. Open access is currently absorbed into broader categories, while stakeholder bridging sits inside the general area of soft skills, even though employers describe it as a specific role-level responsibility.
• Research Software Management is defined by the frameworks as managing research code as a scholarly output. However, academic employers more often ask for everyday tools such as Python, SQL and Power BI for processing research data. Therefore, the content covered by this framework definition is only a part of the concept of software skills as defined by academic employers.
• Academic and industry data stewards are described in noticeably different terms across the sample. This suggests that they should be treated as related but separate occupations rather than two versions of the same role.